An offset pourflush doublepit latrine is to be constructed for a family of six who use water for anal cleaning. In spite of the wide spread use, known successes and advantages associated with pit latrines, they have received. Participants will be familiar with the operation of the ventilated improved pit latrine vip. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on achieving simplicity of design consistent with reliability of operation. The objective of this project is to provide the time necessary for partners to design a latrine taking into consideration the context of their own communities. Further details of countryspecific deslgns currently for botswana, tanzania and zimbabwe are given in other technical notes in this series. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that eliminates flies and odour.
The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is an conventional pit. Vip refers to the ventilated improved pit toilet system design, which incorporates features to enhance sanitation and health aspects of pit toilets. These should be chosen according to availability and cost of materials, skills available, and soil type. Introduction to low cost sanitation construction manual iv glossary cement a powder made of limestone and clay that is mixed with water, sand and gravel to make concrete. Vip ventilated improved pit wash water, sanitation and hygiene. So access to the latrine is a major consideration in the location of the latrine which will in turn impact on the design of the latrine pit. Find latrine stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection.
In acute emergencies, beneficiaries need emergency wash promotion. It didnt work first time around because my firewall blocked the download. Are pit latrines in urban areas of subsaharan africa. Latrine building programs in ethiopia international rescue committee 2016 water, sanitation, and hygiene wash programming covers a large proportion of environmental health activities conducted by the international rescue committee irc. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine sue. These features are promoted naturally by wind, sunlight and natural decomposition processes.
Ventilated improved pit latrines general description 3. The presence of a sanitary latrine should promote good hygiene behaviour. If the latrine is well designed then there should be less concern for disease. This technical brief describes the construction of a mortared brick design. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine crs. Kvip latrine maintenance this illustrated manual offers easy to follow instructions with diagrams on how to use and care for a kumasi ventilated improved pit kvip latrine. Latrines should be simple in design and the construction, operation and maintenance of the facility should be easy enough for semiskilled personnel. In this chapter, therefore, levels of service lower than this will not be discussed. A ventilated improved pit latrine vip with darkened interior for the toilet cubicles, and adequate vent pipe see note below with fly proof. Inclusive design of school latrines how much does it cost. Two pilot ecological sanitation ecosan latrine designs were tested on the ground by mit researchers during january 2011.
It is commonly made of concrete and covers the pit of the latrine. In spite of the wide spread use, known successes and advantages associated with pit latrines, they have received little attention in form of research and development. The purpose of this manual is to explain how a ventilated improved pit v. This report emanates from the water research commission project number k5709 entitled preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa.
They do not have smells when the wind blows over the vent pipe all the bad smeils are removed. We list sources of outhouse or latrine books and supplies. Lessons, a community visit, construction of latrine components, and a latrine design project work to accomplish this. Ventilated improved pit vip latrine during the 1980s the vip latrine was developed in zimbabwe.
Ventilated improved pit latrine the ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit. Due to soil infiltration, there is danger of groundwater contamination, especially in densely populated areas. This assessment was done by using semistructured questionnaires. D4072015a post emergency institutional latrine fully lined. Unhabitatrain2014 vip latrine girls without urinal item description unit quantity unit price kshs. Part ii detailed design, construction, operation and. Inclusive design of school latrines how much does it. Pdf background poor latrine conditions, structure, and design may deter latrine use and provoke reversion to open defecation od. Pit toilets latrines global water pathogen project. The vip latrine is an improvement over the simple dry pit latrine. Design and construction of household ventilated improved. May 06, 2011 two pilot ecological sanitation ecosan latrine designs were tested on the ground by mit researchers during january 2011. Bearing in mind the inaccuracy of the basic design data, however, it is not necessary to carry out a more accurate calculation.
The distinctive feature that gives the vip latrine its name is the vent pipe installed into the pit, which is used to exhaust the foul odour from the pit and control flies figure 20. A wide range of latrines are used in households, schools, houses of worship, and other agencies. The main drivers for design were to eliminate two unpleasant aspects of using onsite sanitation systems, flies and smell. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is designed to minimize odors and flies. On this page, the words slab and platform will be used interchangeably. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine how to build your latrine and use it hygienically, for the dignity, health, and well being of your family it was designed for use at the individual household level to assist families in west africa who have already decided to build their own latrines. Latrine design and construction part 1 humanitarian response. D4072015a post emergency institutional latrine fully lined desludgable latrine with raised option design and boq unhcr, 2015. One possible explanation of this could be the differences in latrines design. The content on this page has been adapted from tech notes entitled water for the world published by usaid. This manual is therefore a general guide and gives details only on the main aspects of v. The design of a simple latrine slab is a basic structural problem for an engineer. Furthermore, the reduction of flies can also reduce the transmission of disease.
This means that each has been scripted as though a field trainer is teaching. This guide describes how they work and presents various designs and design details. The design of the vip latrine causes air to flow down into the latrine pit through the latrine squat hole and up out of the ventilation pipe. You will be using sharp tools, lifting heavy objects, working in pits with the risk of collapse, and handling potentially dangerous materials.
Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a. Technical guide for construction of school sanitation. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Ventilated improved pit latrine simon farmer practical. However, as the slab forms a critical part of a sanitary facility for most people living in lowincome countries, the design criteria also need to include issues relating to user. Information on improved latrine options 3 part 1 introduction we all know that having and using a latrine is not only convenient but also can protect and improve the health of our families and communities. Latrine design and construction lifewater international. Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools for. Maintenance guide for outhouses or latrines, this article discusses outhouse or latrine maintenance, odor control, sanitation, safety, and products or alternatives.
This is the option best suited for the lowest income group in a community. Pdf redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use in built. The basic concept is the same as a basic dug latrine or raisepit latrine. The use of ponds is frequently considered for dealing with wastewater in rural areas, and hence their inclusion in this document. Public and communal latrines loughborough university. Costs of inclusive design of school latrines in ethiopia latrine description description of access features total cost of latrine cost of access features % cost of accessibility school a single block vip latrine of 8 cubicles urban completed 2009 access ramps x 2 widened doors x 2 support rails for 2 cubicles raised toilet. Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed according to a wide variety of designs. Also available casa house plans casita plans special thanks to hector rubio for his service and help in creating these plans. Pdf latrine structure, design, and conditions, and the. Excretarelated diseases are responsible for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially amongst lowincome communities in urban fringe and rural areas, where adequate water supplies and sanitation facilities. The pit design is the same as in the doublepit vip latrine but the two toilets are replaced by a single waterseal pan connected to both pits by pipes.
Latrine dimensions in nairobi, kenya blue diversion toilet. December 1, 2004 downloads pdf available on line at. Empty using a latrine by hand mechanical means tanker backfill the top of the dig out the contents of the use a simple device e. However, all data available from rural sanitation studies and surveys in. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines english. The pit should have sufficient storage capacity for all the sludge that will accumulate during its operational life or before its planned emptying. Introduction to low cost sanitation construction manual 1 1 before you start construction safety it is important to work safely and avoid the potential for injury during latrine construction. The ventilated improved pit latrine vip is a pit latrine with a black pipe vent pipe fitted to the pit and a screen flyscreen at the top outlet of the pipe.
This study was conducted to identify the gaps that exist between ventilated improved pit vip latrine construction practices in cape coast, ghana, and conventional technical guidelines, and to assess how any noncompliance with technical guidelines influences the users perception of odour and fly nuisances. If only some designs are effective, this would imply that research using the wrong design would not find any evidence. This technical brief concentrates on the ventilated improved pit latrine construction the vip latrine can be built from different materials. A vent pipe is added which reduces fly nuisances and odour, if the vip is well designed. Traditional unventilated pit latrines are a very common. Use a motorized tanker with latrine with soil, and build latrine using a spade and. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines programme. Pit latrines simple, vip, dual pit, pour flush susana. If the soil of the ground is very loose, it is recommended to use a lighter materials for the walls.
In this version the basic requirement is for a brick. This is particularly important if the latrine is a long way from the house andor if some of the users have difficulty walking. Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the. Alatrine is a safe and private place to be used for defecation.
These guidelines have been written especially for use in developing countries. Costs of inclusive design of school latrines in ethiopia latrine description description of access features total cost of latrine cost of access features % cost of accessibility school a single block vip latrine of 8 cubicles urban completed 2009 access ramps x 2. P latrine offers improved sanitation by eliminating. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines english abstract.
Lessons the lessons in this manual were created with lifewaters incountry partners as the audience. Corrode when something deteriorates due to being in contact with air, water or acid. Excavation 1 site preparation, trimming and excavation soil trimming up to 600 mm depth m3 16 2 excavation of pit as per dimension up to 5m min m3 80. Depending on its design and frequency of use, pit toilets can be used for 10 to 30 years, though many are used for fewer than 5 years before they are full and must be.
The design of ventilated improved pit latrines excretarelated diseases are responsible for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially amongst lowincome communities in urban fringe and rural areas, where adequate water supplies and sanitation facilities. This type of latrine is called a ventilated improved pit vip latrine. The blair vip latrine a builders manual for the upgradeable. Design and construction of public and communal latrines is straightforward operation and maintenance are usually difficult. The pilot ecosan latrines are cheaper than singlepit ventilatedimprovedpit vip latrines built in northern region, ghana. Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a simple pit latrine.
Vip latrines are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of simple pit latrines, e. At the other extreme is the raised, fully hined, emptiable vip latrine, whlch can cost more than twice as much. Vip latrine has a complicated design where functioning principles must be strictly. Dear practical action, thank you for allowing me to download the vip latrine pdf. Information on improved latrine options 7 part 3 what do we mean by latrine. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine download 5. As a builder, there is no doubt that you may be familiar with most building procedures. Design and construction of household ventilated improved pit. Latrine dimensions in nairobi, kenya observations from 227 pit latrines in 12 different villages from informal settlements in 2014.
Ventilated improved pit vip latrines the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Simple pit latrine ventilated improved pit latrine vip pour flush latrine, twin pit simple, vip and pour flush offset pour flush latrine single or twin composting latrine dehydrating latrine the tables found below can be used to design latrine pits for 2, 5 and 10 year lifetimes. They consist of a hole in the ground, which may be unlined or lined, with a reinforcing material to contain human excreta. Ventilated improved pit bvip toilet in a single building operation.
Pit toilets also referred to as latrines are a sanitation technology used for onsite waste management. Preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa. A pit latrine is the most basic form of improved sanitation which is currently used by a number of people around the globe. Latrines should be hygienic, free from bad smells, inaccessible to flies and other insects, and should not contaminate ground water.
The present note sets out guidelines for the design of pourflush latrines, based upon tags experience in india, brazil and elsewhere. Latrine design project this project comes at the end of the course and serves as a final test of partners knowledge and skills to design a latrine. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on achieving simplicity of design. Concrete a strong construction material made of cement, sand and gravel.
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